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Arthur S. Sullivan, accumulating hymns for his book, The Hymnal, came across Sabine Baring-Gould’s hymn, "Onward, Christian Soldiers." He was not able to use it in the form it was, so he sat down and composed another tune for it. He published it, with three others, in the December 1871 issue of the Musical Times, advertising the forthcoming hymnal.
He named his tune St. Gertrude, honoring Mrs. Gertrude Clay-Ker-Seymer, at whose home Sullivan was staying when he composed it.